Ear mites are a common ectoparasite found in both dogs and cats, and these microscopic pests mainly live in the ear canal and feed on skin debris, wax, and oils. They are the second most common ectoparasite seen in pets, and only the flea is seen more common.Ear mite infections can cause intense itching and irritation, often leading pets to scratch and/or shake their heads. Over time, this can result in inflammation, sores, or even secondary infections. While the condition is not usually life-threatening, it can be very uncomfortable and, in some cases, painful for your pet. Early detection and treatment can prevent complications, and keep your pet happy and healthy.
What are ear mites?
The ear mite in dogs and cats, also called Otodectes cynotis, is an ectoparasite commonly found living in the ear(s) of their host. While typically located in the ear canal, this parasite can also survive on the surface of the skin.
Ear mites are very small and difficult to see with the naked eye, but if visible, they appear as tiny white specks. The ear mite goes through five life stages, and it takes about three weeks for an egg to develop into an adult mite, who lives for approximately two months. They complete their entire life cycle on the host and can only survive for a limited time in the environment.
Ear mites are highly contagious and will continually reproduce. Pups and kittens are most susceptible to infections, but dogs and cats of any age can get them. Ear mites are not limited to cats and dogs, they can also affect other animals, including rabbits, ferrets, and other small mammals. And while some species, like rabbits, are more commonly affected by a different type of ear mite (Psoroptes cuniculi), cross-species transmission of Otodectes cynotis is still possible. The mites can spread between species through close contact or shared environments, such as bedding, grooming tools, or living spaces. For this reason, it’s important to isolate affected pets and thoroughly clean any shared items or areas during treatment to prevent further spread.
Symptoms
Because ear mites are difficult to see with the naked eye, it’s important to watch for signs that may indicate an infection. Symptoms that pets may show when they have ear mites include:
- Irritation of the ear which may result in head shaking, and scratching of the ear, or around the ear. This scratching may lead to a hematoma (blood blister) on the ear.
- Crusts an/or rash around or in, or around, the ear
- Dark discharge in the ear
Diagnosis
A veterinarian can easily diagnose ear mites by examining your pet’s ears with an otoscope and analyzing any discharge under a microscope. A proper examination is essential, as other ear conditions can produce symptoms similar to those of an ear mite infection. Accurate diagnosis is important to ensure the correct treatment is given.
Treatment
The first step in treatment is to thoroughly clean the affected ear(s), as medication works more effectively in clean ears. Ear mite infections can be very painful, and in some cases, pets may need to be sedated for diagnosis and/or treatment.
Once the ears are cleaned, your veterinarian will prescribe medication to kill the ear mites. There are several medications available, but none can penetrate the eggs or pupae. Because of this, treatment is designed to kill adult mites and larvae as they hatch. To ensure all life stages are eliminated, treatment is usually continued over several weeks, long enough for any remaining eggs to hatch and be exposed to the medication. This is why follow-up treatments and consistent application are essential for fully resolving the infection.
Any secondary infections that may have developed alongside the ear mites, such as bacterial or yeast infections, will also need to be treated.
Conclusion
While ear mites are a common and treatable condition in pets, they can cause pain and discomfort, especially when an infection goes unnoticed and left untreated. Recognizing the signs early and seeking veterinary care ensures your pet receives the appropriate treatment. Regular ear checks and good hygiene can help prevent future infections and keep your pet healthy and comfortable.
Would you like to know more about our pet sitting services? Feel free to contact us, we will be happy to help.