Cats instinctively hide discomfort and pain, which can make it difficult to tell when something is wrong. While the signs are often clear when pain is sudden or severe, chronic pain or illness can cause much subtler changes that are easy to overlook or mistake for other issues. Because every cat expresses pain differently, it’s important to stay observant and notice even small changes in their behaviour. So, what signs might indicate that your cat is in pain?
Signs seen in cats that experience pain and/or discomfort
The following signs can be indicators that a cat is experiencing pain or discomfort.
- Reduced appetite
- Hiding/being withdrawn
- Vocalisation
- Reduced movement and activity
- Decreased interest in cuddles, playing etc
- Lethargy
- Change in mood and/or temperament
- Avoids being handled
- Decreased or increased grooming
- Increased irritability
- Avoiding certain movements, like jumping, or going up and down places.
- Panting
- Eliminating outside the litter box
- Change in sleep habits
- Trembling legs
- Stops stretching
- Change in scratching behaviour
Body posture
Cats in pain may show sudden or gradual changes in their body posture. They might hold their ears slightly flattened, keep their eyes squinted or closed, and show tension around the cheeks, mouth, or nose. Trembling legs, a hunched sitting position with a lowered head, or a more curved back than usual can also indicate pain or discomfort. Similarly, a cat that curls up tightly or stays compressed with its legs tucked underneath, instead of stretching out as usual, may be trying to cope with pain.
Behaviour
Any change in behaviour can be a sign that your cat isn’t feeling well. If your usually affectionate cat suddenly hides under the bed, it may indicate illness or pain. Increased irritability, aggression, disinterest, or lethargy can also signal that something is wrong. Sudden, unexplained aggression should always be taken seriously and checked by a vet.
Grooming
Cats are very clean animals and spend around 30% to 50% of their day grooming themselves. Any change in this behaviour can indicate illness, discomfort, or pain. A lack of grooming over time will cause the coat to look messy and unkempt, so even if you don’t closely monitor your cat’s grooming routine, the condition of their coat can serve as a useful indicator of their health and well-being. Overgrooming, on the other hand, can also be a sign of pain, often focused on a specific area that hurts. This can lead to bald patches or even open wounds if it continues.
Decreased energy and change in sleep habits
Cats that are ill or in pain often show changes in their sleep patterns. They may start sleeping more than usual and seem low on energy, or the opposite may occur, they sleep less because they can’t get comfortable. As a result, you might notice your cat resting in unusual places or adopting odd sleeping positions.
Appetite
Your cat’s appetite is a good indicator of their overall health. Any change in eating or drinking habits can be a sign of illness or pain. If your cat stops eating altogether, it’s important to see a vet promptly, as they may be at risk of developing hepatic lipidosis.
Eliminating
Changes in your cat’s toileting habits can also indicate pain or discomfort. Issues with the hips, knees, elbows, or spine can make squatting painful, causing your cat to withhold and potentially become constipated. Another possible sign of pain is urinating or defecating outside the litter box. If entering or exiting the box causes discomfort, your cat may choose to eliminate elsewhere instead.
Vocalisation and panting
When cats are in pain, they may become more vocal. You might hear frequent, urgent, or distressed sounds such as meowing, hissing, growling, or groaning. In some cases, purring can also signal discomfort, especially if it occurs at unusual times when your cat wouldn’t normally purr.
I think my cat is in pain, what now?
If you suspect your cat is in pain, have them examined by a vet. Prolonged pain without treatment or pain management places unnecessary stress on your cat and affects their wellbeing. A vet can identify the source of the pain, offer appropriate treatment and provide safe pain relief. Never give cats human pain medication, most are toxic and dangerous for them. For example, aspirin can cause kidney and liver damage, ulcers and other problems, and a single dose of regular-strength Tylenol (acetaminophen) can be lethal to a cat.
Conclusion
While some signs of pain in cats can be subtle, especially with chronic pain or illness, staying observant and recognising these signs early allows you to seek treatment and provide relief as soon as possible. Any suspected pain should always be checked and treated by a vet.
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